Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) is a tick-borne virus that primarily affects sheep and goats. It is transmitted by the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus tick, which is commonly found in parts of Africa. The disease can lead to severe symptoms, including fever, lethargy, and high mortality rates in infected animals. NSDV is part of the Nairovirus genus and can also affect other livestock species. Control measures focus on managing tick populations and monitoring animal health to prevent outbreaks. Understanding the virus is crucial for protecting livestock and ensuring the economic stability of affected regions.