Naegleria is a genus of free-living amoebae, commonly found in warm freshwater environments like hot springs, lakes, and poorly maintained swimming pools. The most well-known species, Naegleria fowleri, is often referred to as the "brain-eating amoeba" due to its ability to cause a rare but severe brain infection called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Infection typically occurs when contaminated water enters the body through the nose, often during water-related activities. Symptoms of PAM can develop rapidly, leading to severe headaches, fever, and confusion. Although rare, the infection is usually fatal, highlighting the importance of awareness and safety in warm freshwater environments.