Nationally Determined Contributions, or NDCs, are commitments made by countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. These contributions are part of the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius. Each country sets its own targets based on its unique circumstances and capabilities. NDCs are updated every five years, allowing nations to enhance their climate goals over time. They play a crucial role in global efforts to combat climate change, as they reflect each country's plan to contribute to a sustainable future while addressing the impacts of climate change on their populations.