N₂, or nitrogen gas, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless diatomic molecule composed of two nitrogen atoms. It makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere and is essential for various biological processes. Nitrogen is a key component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which are vital for life. In its gaseous form, N₂ is relatively inert, meaning it does not easily react with other substances. This stability makes it useful in various industrial applications, such as in the production of fertilizers and explosives. Additionally, nitrogen fixation processes convert N₂ into forms that plants can use for growth.