Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle, or myocardium, is reduced, leading to a shortage of oxygen. This condition can result from narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, often due to atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up in the artery walls. Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue, especially during physical activity. If left untreated, myocardial ischemia can lead to serious complications, such as a heart attack or heart failure. Diagnosis typically involves tests like electrocardiograms (ECGs) or stress tests, while treatment options may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical procedures to restore blood flow.