The Moon has several distinct features, including craters, maria, and highlands. Craters are formed by impacts from asteroids and comets, creating round depressions on the surface. The largest craters can be several hundred kilometers wide. Maria are dark, flat plains made of basalt rock, formed by ancient volcanic activity. They cover about 16% of the Moon's surface and are less cratered than other areas. The highlands are lighter, mountainous regions that are older and more heavily cratered than the maria. These highlands are composed mainly of anorthosite, a type of rock rich in calcium and aluminum. The contrast between the maria and highlands gives the Moon its unique appearance, making it a fascinating object of study in planetary science.