A monopolar electrode is a type of electrode used in various medical and scientific applications, particularly in electrosurgery and electrophysiology. It consists of a single active electrode that delivers electrical current to a specific area of tissue, while a separate grounding pad, or return electrode, completes the circuit. This design allows for precise control of the electrical energy applied to the target tissue. In electrosurgery, monopolar electrodes are commonly used for cutting and coagulating tissue. The focused energy can effectively vaporize or cauterize tissue, minimizing bleeding during surgical procedures. The use of a grounding pad helps ensure patient safety by directing excess current away from the body.