Monogenic diseases are genetic disorders caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations can be inherited from one or both parents and can lead to various health issues. Examples of monogenic diseases include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Huntington's disease. Because they are linked to specific genes, monogenic diseases can often be diagnosed through genetic testing. Understanding these conditions helps researchers develop targeted treatments and therapies, improving the quality of life for affected individuals. Advances in gene therapy also hold promise for potential cures in the future.