The Mongol Invasion of Russia began in the early 13th century when the Mongol Empire, led by Genghis Khan and later his descendants, sought to expand their territory. In 1237, the Mongols invaded the principalities of Kievan Rus, capturing cities like Vladimir and Moscow. The invasion was marked by brutal tactics and significant destruction. By 1240, the Mongols had established control over much of Russia, leading to the formation of the Golden Horde, a Mongol khanate. This period, known as the Mongol Yoke, lasted for over two centuries, profoundly impacting Russian culture, politics, and society.