Molecular diagnostics is a field of medical testing that focuses on analyzing biological markers in the genome and proteome. This approach helps identify specific diseases, genetic disorders, and infections by examining DNA, RNA, or proteins. It allows for precise diagnosis and can guide treatment decisions, making it a valuable tool in personalized medicine. These tests can detect conditions at an early stage, often before symptoms appear. Techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are commonly used in molecular diagnostics. This technology enhances the ability to monitor disease progression and response to therapy, improving patient outcomes.