Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was the last ruler of the Qajar dynasty in Iran, reigning from 1907 to 1909. He ascended to the throne after the death of his father, Mozzafar ad-Din Shah Qajar, and faced significant political challenges, including the growing influence of the Constitutional Revolution that sought to limit royal power and establish a constitutional government. During his reign, Mohammad Ali Shah attempted to dissolve the Majlis, the national assembly, which led to widespread unrest. His actions sparked a civil conflict, ultimately resulting in his abdication in 1909. He later lived in exile in Russia and Europe until his death in 1925.