Modular components are individual parts or units that can be combined to create a larger system or product. They are designed to be easily interchangeable, allowing for flexibility and customization. This approach is commonly used in various fields, including software development, architecture, and manufacturing, where different modules can be added or replaced without affecting the entire system. The use of modular components can enhance efficiency and reduce costs, as they simplify the design and production processes. For example, in furniture design, modular pieces can be rearranged to fit different spaces, while in electronics, modular components allow for easy upgrades and repairs, promoting sustainability.