Modern German, or Hochdeutsch, is the standardized form of the German language used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It evolved from various regional dialects and was significantly shaped by the works of writers like Martin Luther, who translated the Bible into German in the 16th century. This translation helped unify the language and establish a common written form. Today, Modern German is characterized by its rich vocabulary and complex grammar, including cases and gendered nouns. It is the primary language of instruction in schools and is used in media, literature, and official communication across German-speaking countries.