Modern Egyptian literature refers to the body of literary works produced in Egypt from the late 19th century to the present. It reflects the country's social, political, and cultural changes, often addressing themes such as identity, nationalism, and the struggles of everyday life. Notable authors include Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arab Nobel laureate, whose works explore the complexities of Egyptian society. The literature encompasses various genres, including novels, poetry, and short stories, often written in Arabic. Writers like Ahdaf Soueif and Sonallah Ibrahim have gained international recognition, contributing to a rich literary tradition that continues to evolve. Modern Egyptian literature serves as a vital lens through which to understand contemporary Egyptian life.