Modern chemistry is the branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter. It encompasses various subfields, including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry, each focusing on different aspects of chemical substances and their interactions. This discipline plays a crucial role in numerous industries, such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and materials science. Advancements in modern chemistry have led to significant discoveries and innovations, including the development of new materials, drugs, and sustainable energy solutions. Techniques like spectroscopy and chromatography are essential tools for chemists, allowing them to analyze and manipulate substances at the molecular level.