Modal scales are a type of musical scale derived from the seven modes of the major scale. Each mode has a unique pattern of whole and half steps, creating distinct sounds and moods. The seven modes include Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, and Locrian, each starting on a different note of the major scale. These scales are commonly used in various music genres, including jazz, rock, and classical. Musicians often use modal scales to create different atmospheres in their compositions, allowing for greater emotional expression and improvisation.