Mobile genetic elements are segments of DNA that can move within and between genomes. They include transposons, also known as "jumping genes," which can insert themselves into different locations in the genome, potentially altering gene function. Another type is plasmids, small circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently and often carry genes that provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. These elements play a crucial role in genetic diversity and evolution. By facilitating the transfer of genes, they can contribute to the adaptation of organisms to changing environments. Their movement can also lead to mutations, which can have significant effects on an organism's traits and survival.