Misconfiguration refers to errors made in the setup of software, hardware, or network systems that can lead to vulnerabilities or operational issues. These mistakes can occur during installation, updates, or routine maintenance, often resulting in unintended access or functionality problems. Common examples of misconfiguration include leaving default passwords unchanged, improperly setting permissions, or failing to apply security patches. Such oversights can expose systems to threats, making them targets for cyberattacks. Addressing misconfiguration is crucial for maintaining the security and efficiency of systems like cloud services, web applications, and network devices.