A minor seventh is a musical interval that spans seven scale degrees, consisting of a minor third and a perfect fifth. In terms of pitch, it is formed by taking the root note, moving up three half steps to create the minor third, and then adding four more half steps to reach the seventh note. For example, in the key of C minor, the minor seventh interval would be from C to B♭. In chord construction, a minor seventh chord includes the root, minor third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh. This chord is commonly used in various music genres, including jazz and blues, to create a rich, complex sound. The minor seventh chord is often notated as Cm7 for C minor seventh.