In the case of Miller v. California (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court addressed the issue of what constitutes obscene material not protected by the First Amendment. The case arose when Marvin Miller sent unsolicited adult materials through the mail, leading to his prosecution under California law for distributing obscene content. The Court established a three-part test to determine obscenity, known as the Miller Test. This test assesses whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find the work appealing to prurient interests, whether it depicts sexual conduct in a patently offensive way, and whether it lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.