The Milgram Experiment was a psychological study conducted by Stanley Milgram in the early 1960s to explore obedience to authority. Participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to a learner for incorrect answers, believing the shocks were real. The study aimed to understand how far individuals would go in obeying orders, even when it conflicted with their personal conscience. The results revealed that a significant number of participants were willing to deliver potentially lethal shocks when prompted by an authority figure. This experiment raised ethical concerns about the treatment of participants and highlighted the power of authority in influencing behavior, contributing to discussions in social psychology.