Middle English refers to the stage of the English language spoken and written between the late 11th century and the late 15th century. It evolved after the Norman Conquest of 1066, which introduced many Norman French words and influences into English. This period saw significant changes in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Literature from the Middle English period includes famous works like Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales." The language was characterized by a mix of Old English and French, making it distinct from both its predecessor and modern English. The transition to Early Modern English began in the late 15th century.