Microprocessor architecture refers to the design and organization of a microprocessor, which is the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It includes the layout of its components, such as the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, and registers, as well as how they interact with each other. This architecture determines how efficiently a microprocessor can execute instructions and process data. Different architectures, like x86 and ARM, have unique features and capabilities. For example, x86 is commonly used in personal computers, while ARM is popular in mobile devices due to its energy efficiency. Understanding microprocessor architecture is essential for optimizing performance in various applications.