A Microcontroller Unit (MCU) is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern specific operations in embedded systems. It typically includes a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip, making it ideal for controlling devices like appliances, vehicles, and robots. MCUs are widely used in various applications due to their low cost and energy efficiency. They can be programmed to perform tasks such as reading sensors, controlling motors, and communicating with other devices. This versatility allows them to be found in everyday items, from smart home devices to automotive systems.