Microbial processes refer to the various activities carried out by microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea, that play essential roles in ecosystems. These processes include decomposition, nutrient cycling, and fermentation, which help break down organic matter and recycle nutrients back into the environment. In agriculture, microbial processes are crucial for soil health, as they enhance nutrient availability and promote plant growth. Additionally, in wastewater treatment, specific microbial processes are employed to break down pollutants, making water safe for release into the environment. Understanding these processes is vital for improving sustainability and environmental management.