Mg2SiO4, commonly known as forsterite, is a mineral that belongs to the olivine group. It is composed of magnesium, silicon, and oxygen, with a chemical formula indicating two magnesium ions for every silicon and four oxygen ions. Forsterite is typically found in igneous rocks and is a significant component of the Earth's mantle. This mineral is characterized by its green to yellow-green color and glassy luster. Forsterite is important in geology and materials science, as it can provide insights into the conditions of rock formation and is also used in refractory materials due to its high melting point.