Mg²⁺, or magnesium ion, is a positively charged ion formed when a magnesium atom loses two electrons. It is essential for many biological processes and plays a crucial role in cellular functions, including energy production and protein synthesis. Magnesium is abundant in nature and is commonly found in minerals and seawater. In addition to its biological importance, Mg²⁺ is widely used in various industrial applications. It is a key component in the production of alloys, fireworks, and even in the manufacturing of certain types of batteries. The presence of Mg²⁺ in water can also affect its hardness and overall quality.