The Mexican Reform War (1857-1861) was a civil conflict in Mexico primarily between Liberals and Conservatives. The war arose from disagreements over land reforms, church power, and the role of the military in politics. The Liberals sought to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church and promote secular governance, while the Conservatives aimed to maintain traditional structures. The conflict began after the adoption of the Constitution of 1857, which favored Liberal policies. Key figures included Benito Juárez, a prominent Liberal leader, who eventually emerged victorious. The war significantly shaped Mexico's political landscape, leading to the establishment of a more secular state.