Method Overloading is a programming concept that allows multiple methods in the same class to have the same name but different parameters. This means you can create methods that perform similar functions but accept different types or numbers of arguments, making your code more flexible and easier to read. For example, a method named add could be overloaded to handle both integers and floating-point numbers. When you call add, the programming language determines which version to execute based on the arguments you provide, enhancing code efficiency and organization.