Metallurgical processes involve the extraction and manipulation of metals from their ores. This includes several stages such as mining, crushing, and smelting, where raw materials are transformed into usable metal forms. Techniques like electrolysis and reduction are often employed to separate metals from impurities, ensuring higher purity and quality. Once extracted, metals undergo various processes to enhance their properties. This includes alloying, where different metals are combined to create materials with specific characteristics, and heat treatment, which alters the physical and mechanical properties of metals. These processes are essential for producing materials used in construction, manufacturing, and technology.