Metal halides are chemical compounds formed from metals and halogens. They typically consist of a metal cation and one or more halide anions, such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine. These compounds can be ionic or covalent, depending on the nature of the metal and halogen involved. Metal halides are commonly used in various applications, including lighting, electronics, and catalysis. Some well-known examples of metal halides include sodium chloride (table salt) and copper(II) chloride. They can exist in different physical states, such as solids or liquids, and may exhibit unique properties like high melting points or solubility in water. Metal halides play a significant role in both industrial and laboratory settings.