Mesopotamia's Ur was an ancient city located in present-day southern Iraq, near the Euphrates River. It was one of the most important urban centers of the Sumerian civilization around 3000 BCE. Ur is known for its impressive ziggurat, a massive stepped structure that served as a temple, and for its advanced society, which included writing, trade, and complex governance. The city was a hub of culture and innovation, contributing significantly to early human history. Archaeological discoveries in Ur have revealed artifacts, including pottery and jewelry, as well as evidence of early cuneiform writing, showcasing the city's role in the development of civilization.