A mental model is a framework that helps individuals understand and interpret the world around them. It consists of beliefs, assumptions, and generalizations that shape how we perceive situations and make decisions. By simplifying complex information, mental models allow us to navigate challenges and solve problems more effectively. These models can be influenced by personal experiences, education, and cultural background. Common examples include the scientific method, economic principles, and psychological theories. By refining and updating our mental models, we can improve our critical thinking skills and adapt to new information or changing circumstances.