A Memory Controller is a crucial component in computers and other electronic devices that manages the flow of data between the central processing unit (CPU) and the system memory (RAM). It ensures that data is read from and written to memory efficiently, allowing programs to run smoothly. Memory controllers can be integrated into the CPU or exist as separate chips on the motherboard. They handle tasks such as memory addressing, data transfer, and error correction, which helps maintain system stability and performance. This functionality is essential for multitasking and running complex applications effectively.