Membrane models are theoretical frameworks used to describe the structure and function of biological membranes, primarily the cell membrane. These models help scientists understand how membranes maintain their integrity while allowing selective transport of substances. The most well-known model is the fluid mosaic model, which depicts membranes as a flexible layer of lipids with embedded proteins that can move laterally. These models also illustrate the roles of various components, such as phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, in maintaining membrane stability and functionality. By studying these models, researchers can gain insights into processes like cell signaling, transport mechanisms, and the overall behavior of cells in different environments.