Melphalan is a chemotherapy medication primarily used to treat certain types of cancer, including multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. It belongs to a class of drugs known as alkylating agents, which work by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. This medication is usually administered intravenously or orally, depending on the specific treatment plan. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, and a decrease in blood cell counts, which can increase the risk of infections and bleeding. Regular monitoring by healthcare professionals is essential during treatment.