Measurement While Drilling (MWD) is a technology used in the oil and gas industry to gather data about the geological formations being drilled. It involves the use of sensors placed in the drill string that measure parameters such as temperature, pressure, and the angle of the drill bit in real-time. This information helps engineers make informed decisions during drilling operations. MWD allows for more efficient drilling by providing immediate feedback on the wellbore's position and the surrounding rock properties. By analyzing this data, operators can adjust drilling techniques and optimize the path of the well, ultimately reducing costs and improving safety.