In the case of McDonald v. City of Chicago, decided in 2010, the Supreme Court addressed whether the Second Amendment right to bear arms applies to state and local governments. Otis McDonald, a Chicago resident, challenged the city's strict gun control laws, arguing they violated his constitutional rights. The Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the Second Amendment is incorporated by the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause, thus applying to the states. This landmark decision affirmed that individuals have the right to own firearms for self-defense, significantly impacting gun control laws across the United States.