Maxwell's equations are a set of four fundamental equations in physics that describe how electric and magnetic fields interact. They were formulated by James Clerk Maxwell in the 19th century and are essential for understanding classical electromagnetism. These equations explain how electric charges produce electric fields, how moving charges create magnetic fields, and how changing magnetic fields can induce electric currents. The four equations are: Gauss's law for electricity, which relates electric fields to charge; Gauss's law for magnetism, stating that there are no magnetic monopoles; Faraday's law of induction, which describes how changing magnetic fields generate electric fields; and Ampère-Maxwell law, which connects electric currents to magnetic fields.