Maximilian, Duke of Bavaria (1573-1651), was a prominent German nobleman and a key figure in the Thirty Years' War. He ruled the Duchy of Bavaria from 1597 until his death, playing a significant role in the political and military affairs of the Holy Roman Empire. His leadership helped to strengthen the Catholic League, which aimed to counter Protestant forces during the conflict. As a patron of the arts, Maximilian contributed to the cultural development of Bavaria. He commissioned numerous buildings and artworks, including the famous Munich Residenz, which became a symbol of his power and influence. His legacy continues to impact Bavarian culture and history.