Matrix transposition is a mathematical operation that flips a matrix over its diagonal. This means that the rows of the original matrix become the columns in the transposed matrix. For example, if you have a matrix with elements arranged in rows, after transposition, those elements will be rearranged into columns. The transposed matrix is often denoted as A^T if A is the original matrix. This operation is useful in various fields, including computer science, physics, and statistics, as it helps in solving systems of equations and performing linear transformations.