Mathematical principles are fundamental concepts that form the foundation of mathematics. They include rules and properties that govern numbers, shapes, and relationships. Examples of these principles are the Pythagorean theorem, which relates the sides of a right triangle, and the commutative property, which states that the order of addition or multiplication does not affect the result. These principles are essential for solving problems and understanding more complex mathematical ideas. They apply to various fields, including geometry, algebra, and calculus. By mastering these basic principles, individuals can develop critical thinking skills and enhance their ability to analyze and interpret data.