Mathematical Optimization is a branch of mathematics focused on finding the best solution from a set of possible choices. It involves maximizing or minimizing a particular function, subject to certain constraints. This process is widely used in various fields, including economics, engineering, and logistics, to make informed decisions. The main components of mathematical optimization include the objective function, which represents the goal, and the constraints, which are the limitations or requirements that must be satisfied. Techniques such as linear programming and integer programming are commonly employed to solve optimization problems efficiently.