Mathematical Induction is a proof technique used to establish the truth of an infinite number of statements, typically involving natural numbers. It consists of two main steps: the base case and the inductive step. In the base case, you prove that the statement holds for the first natural number, usually n=1. In the inductive step, you assume the statement is true for some arbitrary natural number k and then show that it must also be true for k+1. If both steps are successfully completed, you can conclude that the statement is true for all natural numbers.