Mary Cartwright was a prominent British mathematician known for her work in the field of nonlinear differential equations. Born in 1900, she made significant contributions to the study of chaos theory and was one of the first to explore the mathematical principles behind complex systems. Her research laid the groundwork for understanding how small changes in initial conditions can lead to vastly different outcomes, a concept often illustrated by the butterfly effect. In addition to her research, Cartwright was a dedicated educator and served as a professor at the University of Oxford. She was also a member of the Royal Society, highlighting her influence and recognition in the scientific community. Her legacy continues to inspire future generations of mathematicians and scientists.