Market Surveillance refers to the monitoring of financial markets to ensure fair trading practices and compliance with regulations. It involves tracking trading activities, identifying unusual patterns, and detecting potential market manipulation or fraud. This process helps maintain investor confidence and market integrity. Regulatory bodies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States, often conduct Market Surveillance to protect investors and uphold market rules. By analyzing data from trades and transactions, these organizations can intervene when necessary, ensuring that all participants adhere to established guidelines and promoting a transparent trading environment.