The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) is a U.S. law enacted in 1972 to protect marine mammals, such as whales, dolphins, and seals. The act prohibits the hunting, capturing, and harassment of these animals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens, ensuring their populations remain healthy and sustainable. Under the MMPA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) are responsible for enforcing regulations. The act also promotes research and conservation efforts to better understand marine mammals and their habitats, contributing to the overall health of marine ecosystems.