Maria Theresa of Austria (1717-1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and reigned as Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary, and Queen of Bohemia. She became the ruler after her father, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, died, and her ascension led to the War of the Austrian Succession as many questioned her right to rule. During her reign, Maria Theresa implemented significant reforms in education, military, and taxation, strengthening the Habsburg Empire. She is also known for her large family, having 16 children, including Marie Antoinette, who became Queen of France.