Maria Teresa, also known as Maria Theresa of Austria, was a significant historical figure born on May 13, 1717. She became the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and reigned from 1740 until her death in 1780. Maria Teresa is known for her reforms in education, military, and taxation, which modernized her empire and strengthened its economy. She was the mother of 16 children, including Marie Antoinette, who became the Queen of France. Maria Teresa's reign was marked by various wars, including the War of the Austrian Succession, which challenged her authority but ultimately solidified her position as a powerful leader in Europe.