Mapping Theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationships between different sets, focusing on how elements from one set can be associated with elements in another. It often involves functions, which are specific types of mappings that assign each element in one set to exactly one element in another. This theory is essential in various fields, including computer science, economics, and biology, as it helps to model and analyze complex systems. In Mapping Theory, concepts such as injective, surjective, and bijective mappings are crucial. An injective mapping ensures that no two elements in the first set map to the same element in the second, while a surjective mapping covers every element in the second set. A bijective mapping combines both properties, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the two sets. Understanding these concepts allows for better insights into how different systems interact and function.